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Noravank

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Noravank ( armenavon Նորավանք, Warzafe tucpastaxe ), tir armenafe tucpastaxe tigise koe Areni dota ke Vayots Dzor winka vagee Xayastana.

Noravank moe debak ke uja ke IX-X-eafa decemda zo kolnayar. Kotak bak XII-eafa decemda zo malvegeduyur voxen dalafa rekola tir ke XIII-XIV-eafa decemda. In vanpiyir slape ke Orbelian jiomikeem. Tiyir runkaf is sposaf kali XIX-eafa decemda, tulon icde sutexo. Bat zolonaf armenaf alkaf is arayaf debak tiyir tano sokexo ke tujradikeem ke Syunik.

Surp Karapet dalafa uja ke tucpastaxo tir dem vabduefe gavit gijaxe is do pokeon Surp Grigor uja. Surp Astvatsatsin uja dere tigir, isen rawaks ke abica gedrafa kolna is konak xatckar atcom is migexa ke XVII-eafa decemda isu XVIII-eafa.

Noravank bak XX-eafa decemda tolon zo ikavegeduyur, ise re tir tana balemoya gijotafa koyutarulafa jekura ke Xayastana. Tucpastaxe is Amaghu ticekrantoza tid ke tutsokana vexala ke Gadakiewega ke UNESCO.

Tawavopafa debala

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Noravank koe vwepafa krantoza ke Amaghu kuksa [1], i ke kovoama ke Arpa kuksa [2] varone xayastanafa azekexa koe Pinafa Kavkaza. Debak moe raporafa azekontama [3] arte 8 km- runu ecor [4] moe ontine vas 1550 m- [5] tigir, kabdue varkukafa is lukoptafa kalkafa kiria. [6]

Tucpastaxe arte 3 km- lentrone Amaghu monaxo koe tawavo ke Areni dota tigir, poke Yeghegnadzor utcawidot ke Vayots Dzor vagee Xayastana arte 120 km- gerone Yerevan.

Izva

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Syunik gola vagerone Armenia sareon gu Zakarian jiomaf prostelay, moni 1203
Syunik gola vagerone Armenia sareon gu Zakarian jiomaf prostelay, moni 1203

Krantoza ke Noravank mali Lekeraporugal zo kereler, koe debak ke Magil arulapa is yonara dilafa arula isu betsa.

Sedme Stepanos Orbelian armenaf tujradik is izvopik ke XIII-eafa decemda, tucpastaxe bak 1105 gan Hovhannes tujradik ke Vahanavank nuve zo zabduyur. Surp Karapet warzafa uja co zo kolnayar. Geltron vegedusa evla ke batmila uja re rawafa co tir ke IX-X-eafa decemda [3]. Soe Hovhannes va tucpastaxe co dimvegeduyur ise va tucpastikaf tum lizukon co inkeyer [7].

Soe tucpastaxe bal Zakarian [8] sare is Orbelian jiomafa yasa remi XIII-XIV-eafa decemda oxam vonewer. Sersik ke bat prostelay tid jafasik va ref kolneem ke tucpastaxo lize sinafe slape dere tigir [9]. Nekev kida nekiyina gan taneaf ruftacek bak 1340, tucpastaxe vanpir zolonafo alkaxo isu arayaxo tigiso poke Gladzor tucpastaxe is sokexo ke tujradikeem ke Syunik [2]. Inafo sutexo tir dalafo xo ke Syunik serna ta warzera va armenafa pinoba bak XIV-eafa decemda, kan tulon Momik [10].

Alkafa tigira kali XIX-eafa decemda kotoron jijar, dem tulon vegedura va migexa bak XVII-XVIII-eafa decemda vieli toloy ruftacek bak 1840 [3] va tucpastaxe voyapar, az bareaf bak 1931 [2].

Taneafa dimvegedusa kobavera bal sovietafe sare bak 1948-1949 zo sopud ; toleafa bak 1982 zo bokar aze arti san-perda bak 1999 zo tenuker viele Noravank tucpastaxe mu saneg gin zo fenkur. Bata nesida va sfelt ke Surp Astvatsatsin uja dere dimvegedur.

Noravank tucpastaxe is Amaghu ticekrantoza tir aotcaf debak bendeyen bak 1996 dene tutsokana vexala ke Tamavafa gadakiewega ke UNESCO wetce i luda isu iii isu vi isu vii isu ix [6]. Noravank re tir tan aluboy dalaf koyutas debak ke patecta, do Garni is Zvartnots is Khor Virap [11].

Kolna

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Tucpastaxo vas Surp Karapet uja is inafe gavit gijaxe, is Surp Grigor is Surp Astvatsatsin ruldar. Rawaks ke konaka kolna dere tigid : tulon lana gida kolnayana wali 1273 is 1290 [3], is sokexe ik zanixe ke XVIII-eafa decemda is konaka amudama [12], is dere konak xatckar atcom ( don yon skuyun gan Momik evlon gu 1308 az re viden koe Echmiatsin [13][14]), is migexa ke XVII-XVIII-eafa decemda [2]. Xo vas yon naboxaf raporey dem kosuteks ko kolna iku dive dere ruldar [15].

Surp Karapet uja is intafe gavit gijaxe

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Dalaf uja ke tucpastaxo tir Surp Karapet. Taneaf vegeduks tir evlon gu IX-X-eafa decemda gee refa uja aze sokon gu rawaks lapter. Tiyir tantamaxo dem kovagalza tupoayana gu balemoya jontolafa vokoda is do toloya krilafa tantamaxofa amuda [3].

Refa uja dere yoltkirafa gu Surp Stepanos gan Liparit Orbelian sersik is Sarkis tujradik bak 1216-1223 zo kolnayar. Tir gamdakorafa dem tanoya nikoykirafa vimava is balemoya tolvegemafa gentimamuda [16]. Sedme lan savsaf ksudaks, tiyir dem anyustkrilafa truga valeve yaskokoraf sfelt. Bata toloya rulda bak 1840 zo vilayad aze gu akintakorafa truga is feykoraf sfelt zo ikaplekuyud [12]. Zikexa tir soyutafa : koeon anton yona ellasafa gamda is tagra ingasa va teyel ke brivacku ; diveon toloya ponyaska is koxutaxa ke toloy ronef dilk anton tid [16].

Surp Karapet uja
Wiks va uja
Geronuf wiks ; talturonon : gavit gijaxe, rawaks ke taneafa uja, Surp Karapet, Surp Grigor
Lentor ke gavit gijaxe
Istef lujor ke gavit gijaxe, zikenafe gu pru, dem istefa krintala


Rontimgentimafe gavit gijaxe moi Surp Karapet uja ape zo kolnayar ise tiyir dem balemoy swalot voxe bak 1261 serson gu Smbat Orbelian di zo artazukapayar : brivacku gegisu va rebava slamed, azavzayanu tice ontineacku vwon ice anamba dem kosuteks ke sersik lize kepaita ke kolna giskisa va stonagalza [17] vamoeon dayker. Pona ke batmila galza tir dem balemoyi bopi is istefa lujorafa olkoba dem pru is tanoya krintala. Titak ke lentefi bopi ke kepaita gu savsafe gavit gijaxe rotir zo dimnariyir, ise va okollakisik dem abalt tcabanes va krapol kaatoer. Gavit gijaxe va yona naboxa ke Orbelian sersayasikeem ( don tela ke Stepanos izvopik is tujradik ) is konak tucpastik bravar, is konak xatckar atcom [7]. Batmile xe gu zikexa ke taltef lentor soe zo grupecker, i gu zikexa « katcalafa gu yambafa duga is ewavafa tanuskuca » nitesa vas toloy moaykanaf cisek skuyun kaiki 1261 is rokleson gaayan gu Momik.

  • Titef cisek mialivamuf [18] vamoe dilk ke gavit gijaxe tigir ise va Ketya dem Nazbeye dem anameon jontolaf emacek dem tagra volar. Tanoya perfava isu krapol isu zveri vamoe Ketya tigid ; roneon Yeshayahu katcilik tir isen talteon lan koredik rotis Mika katcilik ok Yohanan ok dace Yezekiel katcilik. Batmil cisek tir zikenaf gu imwafum ise to tulanya ke trekafa balumara [19];
  • Ticef cisek dem otsaf ontinuk [18] vamoe toloy jelaf dilk tigir. Va isteon Lorik ton tazuk ke « Savsik ke vieleem » [20], is yalestaf lesay is dem soyorekoraf iteem kaatoer, i va lorik redus va Adam kare intafa ewava, i va Adam moion blizesin gan perfava [3]. Ponaks va lan « jebes alkopaf trak » tcazedar ise va redura va Adam blizesin gan lorafa sukera divrozar ise kimbar da ayikeem eglusiyin gan troba ke taneaf ayik, tuke wetara ke Kristos bene gamda zo giwatar, batkane tcazedason va tirkacka ke armenafa ujeva icde Trinitas kristevaf rietovolk. [21]
Cisek ke Surp Karapet uja
Titef cisek
Pinta ke titef cisek
Ticef cisek
Pinta ke ticef cisek

Surp Grigor uja

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Surp Grigor uja ( okon Smbat Orbelian amuda ) lente Surp Karapet [2] bak 1275 gan Siranes vegeduropik zo kolnayar, jafayanon gan Tarssayitj Orbelian [19]. Tir tantamaxofa uja dem kovakorafa galza, dem varoneon mialivamuf muxelk vawale xatckar atcom is balumayana perfava [2]. Koe uja, xim ke lenopa wan zo rosolwid. Surp Grigor uja vas konaka naboxa ke Orbelian yasik don Tarssayitj nazbeikye ke Smbat is Elikum berikye ke Stepanos [22] awalkeyese bak 1300 dogiskir. Inaf naboxaf atcom va krapol kaatoer : lan kosuteks pebur da mil sersik « dum krapol ieyer » kotviele lyumayar [23]. Talteon kolanixo ke uja tir dem ticef cisek. [2]

Surp Grigor uja
Talte lentor ke uja
Zikexa koe uja
Naboxa ke Elikum Orbelian

Surp Astvatsatsin uja

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Surp Astvatsatsin uja gerone Surp Karapet wali 1331 is 1339 kare zovdom ke Momik awalkeyes bak 1333 zo kolnayar. [19] Gu Burtelashen (« kolnayana gan Burtel ») nope yolt ke Burtel Orbelian jafasik [24] dere zo yoltayar. Kolna tir slapeuja ke bantan is inafa yasa ise tir barvwafa [23]: taneafa vwa divuon rovansana titlanison moo tevoy avlak, is tisa dem rontagentimaf zovdom [18], tir slape, isen toleafa vwa divuon rovansana kan fogelom geginaf gu taltef lentor, is tisa gamdakoraf zovdom, tir miv uja [19]; tadle ke bareafa vwa tir dem sfelt giskin gu revark dem san-toloya briva. Wetce tanafa tula, baroya bata briva zo balumayad : Ketya dem Nazbeye do jafasik atoes va uja do inafe nazbeikye tigir [23]. Bata bareafa vwa bak 1840 gan ruftacek zo vilayar aze kan xantaf stogoyeks [18] bak 1997 zo dimvegeduyur.

Lentor ke Surp Astvatsatsin uja
Lentef lentor isu taltef ke uja
Ronef lentor
Geef lentor


Inafa balumayana zikexa tir kulapafa, koeon nope leca va evangilik ke taneafa vwa is Kristos vawale pumkik ke galzamu vamoe muxelk ke toleafa vwa, lidam diveon nope ponaks ke tuveleem ke taltef lentor [23]. Bat tuvel tid vawale yona rontagentimafa kadoma isu briva isu darkasaberopafa vola isu perfava is tanoya kabayikya [2] ise tid dem cisek tulaf gu volseyta keve vlardaf ludev. [23]

  • Titef cisek va Ketya dem Nazbeye vawale Gabriel is Mikael toloy tumtapumkik kaatoer [18]. Ewavon is martigon, zavzar pokef gu

Byzantion prostewa [21] ;

  • Ticef cisek va Kristos vawale Petrus grekik isu Paulus kaatoer. [25]
Cisek ke Surp Astvatsatsin uja
Titef cisek
Titef cisek
Ticef cisek
Ticef cisek

Dere rupec

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► Alkaxo ke Xayastana

Noravank tucpastaxe
Tucpastaxe
Wiks va Noravank tucpastaxo
DEBALA
Patecta Xayastana       
Winka Vayots Dzor winka
Tigixo Areni
Maneka  39° 41′ 03″ L-, 45° 13′ 58″ R-
KIRA
Alka Armenafa kristeva
Ord Armenafe tucpastaxe
Vegedura XIII-XIV-eafa decemda
  Tuveli icde Yamba 
  Tuveli icde Izvopa 
Areni is tigixo ke tucpastaxo
Zovdom va tucpastaxo

Vuestexa

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  1. ↑ (en) Nicholas Holding, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabagh, Bradt Travel Guides, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84162-163-0, bu 183.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 et 2,7 (en) Noravank Monastery Armenica.org, rupeyen ba 06/07/2009.
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 et 3,5 (fr) Patrick Donabédian is Jean-Michel Thierry, Les arts arméniens, Éditions Mazenod, Paris, 1987, ISBN 2-85088-017-5, bu 478.
  4. ↑ (en) Culture: Noravank monastery, rupeyen ba 10/07/2009.
  5. ↑ (en) Noravank Monastery, Psalm Tours, rupeyen ba 06/07/2009.
  6. ↑ 6,0 et 6,1 (en) The monastery of Noravank and the upper Amaghou Valley, UNESCO, rupeyen ba 10/07/2009.
  7. ↑ 7,0 et 7,1 (fr) Seda Mavian, Arménie, coll. « Guides Évasion », Hachette, Paris, 2006, ISBN 78-2-01-240509-7, bu 183.
  8. ↑ (fr) Jannic Durand is Ioanna Rapti is Dorota Giovannoni, Armenia sacra — Mémoire chrétienne des Arméniens IV-XVIII, Somogy / Musée du Louvre, Paris, 2007, ISBN 978-2-7572-0066-7, bu 300.
  9. ↑ (fr) Yvan Travert is Raymond H. Kévorkian, Lumière de l'Arménie chrétienne, Monum, Éditions du patrimoine, Paris, 2006, ISBN 978-2-85822-928-4, bu 103.
  10. ↑ (en) Thomas F. Mathews, Avedis Krikor Sanjian, Mary Virginia Orna, James R. Russel, Armenian gospel iconography — The tradition of the Glajor Gospel, Harvard University Press, coll. Dumbarton Oaks Series, 1991, ISBN 978-0-88402-183-4, bu 61.
  11. ↑ (en) USAID Armenia, 29/04/2009.
  12. ↑ 12,0 et 12,1 (en) Nicholas Holding, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabagh, Bradt Travel Guides, 2006, ISBN 978-1-84162-163-0, bu 183
  13. ↑ (fr) Jannic Durand is Ioanna Rapti is Dorota Giovannoni, Armenia sacra — Mémoire chrétienne des Arméniens (IVe – XVIIIe siècle), bu 320.
  14. ↑ (en) Afigasuteks va xatckar atcom ke 1308, Armenian Studies Program, CSU Fresno, rupeyen ba 17/07/2009.
  15. ↑ (en) Michael E. Stone, « Further Armenian inscriptions from Noravank' », koe Apocrypha, Pseudopigraphia and Armenian Studies: Collected Papers, vol. II, Peeters Publishers, coll. « Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta » n° 145, 2006, ISBN 978-90-429-1644-9, bu 813.
  16. ↑ 16,0 et 16,1 (de) Jasmine Dum-Tragut, Armenien: 3000 Jahre Kultur zwischen West und Ost, bu 347.
  17. ↑ (fr) Patrick Donabédian is Jean-Michel Thierry, Les arts arméniens, Éditions Mazenod, Paris, 1987, ISBN 2-85088-017-5, bu 198.
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 et 18,4 (en) Nicholas Holding, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabagh, bu 185.
  19. ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 et 19,3 Sèda Mavian, Arménie, Hachette, Paris, 2006, ISBN 978-2-01-240509-7, bu 184.
  20. ↑ (fr) Jannic Durand is Ioanna Rapti is Dorota Giovannoni, Armenia sacra — Mémoire chrétienne des Arméniens (IVe – XVIIIe siècle), Somogy / Musée du Louvre, Paris, 2007, ISBN 978-2-7572-0066-7, bu 324.
  21. ↑ 21,0 et 21,1 (fr) Jannic Durand is Ioanna Rapti is Dorota Giovannoni, bu 327.
  22. ↑ (en) Brady Kiesling, Rediscovering Armenia : An Archaeological / Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia, Yerevan, 2009, bu 121
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 23,3 et 23,4 (fr) Patrick Donabédian is Jean-Michel Thierry, Les arts arméniens, Éditions Mazenod, Paris, 1987, ISBN 2-85088-017-5, bu 479.
  24. ↑ (en) Brady Kiesling, Rediscovering Armenia : An Archaeological / Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia, Yerevan, 2009, bu 120.
  25. ↑ (de) Jasmine Dum-Tragut, Armenien: 3000 Jahre Kultur zwischen West und Ost, Trescher Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-89794-126-7, bu 349.
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